Country: Bolivia
Administrative region: Ayopaya, Cercado, Chapare, Quillacollo, Tapacarí (Province)
Central co-ordinates: 17.22084 S, 66.35523 W
Area: 3281km²
Qualifying IPA Criteria
A(i)Site contains one or more globally threatened species, A(ii)Site contains one or more regionally threatened species, A(iii)Site contains one or more highly restricted endemic species that are potentially threatened, A(iv)Site contains one or more range restricted endemic species that are potentially threatened, B(ii)Site contains an exceptional number of species of high conservation importance, B(iii)Site contains an exceptional number of socially, economically or culturally valuable species
IPA assessment rationale
El Parque Nacional Tunari es una de las áreas protegidas más cercanas a la ciudad de Cochabamba de gran importancia para provisión de recursos hídricos del depar tamento. Dentro se resguardan a 101 taxones de plantas endémicos de Bolivia, 24 de ellas se encuentran amenazadas globalmente, dos especies amenazadas a nivel nacional, 21 especies son altamente restringidas en su distribución, y 16 especies categorizadas como Preocupación Menor (LC). Además, en el sitio se concentran a 209 especies de plantas útiles, representando el 6% de las especies útiles documentadas para Bolivia. En este grupo de plantas se incluyen a especies de especies que son parientes silvestres de cultivos como la papa.
Site description
El sitio está ubicado al este del departamento de Cochabamba, con aproximadamente 3.281 km2, que extienden sobre las provincias de Ayopaya, Chapare, Independencia, Quillacollo, y Tapacarí; y abarca a 11 municipios, seis de los cuales conforman la región metropolitana del departamento (Gareca & Aguirre 2023). Los límites establecidos del sitio coinciden con la delimitación del Parque Nacional Tunari, creado con la finalidad de evitar la degradación de la vegetación, la erosión y los peligros de inundación en el departamento de Cochabamba (Cahill et al. 2022). Además de la conservación de las fuentes de recursos hídricos, ya que solo en el sitio existen más de 60 cuencas y 338 lagunas, y se estima que más 490 millones de m3 de agua provienen del área y abastecen a distintas zonas del departamento de Cochabamba (Gareca & Aguirre 2023). Entre sus atractivos turísticos naturales, se encuentra el pico Tunari, que está a más 5.000 m.s.n.m., siendo el segundo pico más alto de la ciudad de Cochabamba.
Botanical significance
Dentro del sitio se resguardan a 101 taxones de plantas endémicos, entre ellas 25 especies se encuentran amenazadas a nivel global como Anatherostipa coroi (EN), Chlidanthus boliviensis (CR) y Stenostephanus cochabambensis (EN). El sitio también es uno de los mejores cinco sitios a nivel nacional para especies potencialmente amenazadas como Puya cardenasii (NE), Dioscorea calderillensis (NE), y Caiophora chuquisacana (NE) que, si bien no se encuentran evaluadas, resguardan gran parte de su población dentro del sitio. Otras especies de importancia para su conservación son Evolvulus boliviensis (NE), Stevia tunariensis (NE) y Begonia comata (NE) - especies que además de ser endémicas son restringidas en su distribución. Por otra parte, en el sitio se resguardan a 209 especies de plantas útiles, entre ellas son Solanum okadae (EN), Solanum boliviense (LC) y Solanum brevicaule (LC), especies que su importancia radica por ser parientes silvestres de cultivos de la papa (SERNAP 2015).
Habitat and geology
Fisiográficamente, el sitio está conformado por la cordillera del Tunari, la Cordillera de Mazo Cruz, y la Cordillera de Huari Pucara que pertenecen a la Cordillera Oriental. Hacia el extremo sur del sitio se encuentran el pie de monte que conforma abanicos aluviales que dan origen al Valle de Cochabamba (SERNAP 2015). Biogeográficamente, pertenece a las ecorregiones de los Bosques Secos Interandinos, Puna norteña y Yungas, donde la vegetación característica son los bosques yungueños, bosques altimontanos, y relictos de bosques de Polylepis (Navarro & Ferreira 2011, Navarro 2011). Todos estos tipos de vegetación se agrupan en Pastizales de gran altitud subtropical/tropical, Bosque húmedo montano subtropical/tropical, Matorral de gran altitud subtropical/tropical según la clasificación de UICN.
Conservation issues
El sitio es una de las pocas áreas protegidas nacionales que limita una ciudad capital como la ciudad de Cochabamba que ha incrementado su área urbana con 174% en los últimos 40 años (MapBiomas Bolivia 2024), afectando a las zonas de amortiguamiento del área y las zonas de recarga hídrica en los municipios de Sacaba (Gareca & Aguirre 2023). Por otra parte, los atributos botánicos del sitio lo convierten en una de las áreas protegidas con mayor número de taxones de plantas endémicos del país, y especies que son restringidas en su distribución dentro del área. Considerando que el área también es un corredor biológico para otras especies como aves y mamíferos, su consolidación como un sitio prioritario para plantas aportan a los esfuerzos de conservación del sitio, sobre todo a la flora endémica.
Site assessor(s)
Assessed by:
Liliana Arroyo-Herbas, Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN)
Oriana A. Lino-Villalba, Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN)
Maira T. Martinez-Ugarteche, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno; Herbario del Oriente Boliviano (USZ), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado; Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Bente B. Klitgaard, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Date of first assessment: 2nd Jul 2025
Date of latest reassessment: 6th Oct 2025
IPA criterion A species
| Species | Qualifying sub-criterion | ≥ 1% of global population | ≥ 5% of national population | 1 of 5 best sites nationally | Entire global population | Socio-economically important | Abundance at site |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stenostephanus cochabambensis Wassh. | A(i) |  |
|
 |
|
|
Unknown |
| Chlidanthus boliviensis Traub & I.S.Nelson | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Pyrolirion boliviense (Baker) Sealy | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Pyrolirion cutleri (Cárdenas) Ravenna | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Apocynaceae Oxypetalum pearsonii (Rusby) Goyder & Fontella | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Philibertia navarroana H.A.Keller, Liede & Balderrama | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Chersodoma filifolia M.Zárate | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Cosmos peucedanifolius var. cochabambensis Sherff | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gochnatia boliviana S.F.Blake | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Occasional |
| Gynoxys tablaensis Cabrera | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Ophryosporus kuntzei Hieron. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Ophryosporus venosissimus B.L.Rob. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Stevia kuntzei Hieron. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Stevia neglecta Rusby | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Stevia obovata Rusby | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Stevia tunariensis Hieron. | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Begonia comata Kuntze | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Occasional |
| Puya cardenasii L.B.Sm. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Puya cochabambensis R.Vásquez & Ibisch | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Leucostele tunariensis (Cárdenas) Schlumpb. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Leucostele werdermanniana (Backeb.) Schlumpb. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Evolvulus boliviensis Ooststr. | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Carex ownbeyi G.A.Wheeler | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Dioscorea calderillensis R.Knuth | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Dioscorea kuntzei Uline ex Kuntze | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gentianella bangii (Gilg) Fabris ex T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gentianella bockii (Gilg) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gentianella longisepala M.Zárate | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gentianella lythroides (Gilg) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gentianella palcana (Gilg) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gentianella pringlei M.Zárate | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gentianella sancti-mathaeii (R.C.Foster) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Gentianella undulatisepala J.S.Pringle | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Halenia robusta Gilg | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Mastigostyla tunariensis (R.C.Foster) Ravenna | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Isoetes herzogii U.Weber | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Salvia amplifrons Briq. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Occasional |
| Caiophora chuquisacana Urb. & Gilg | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gaya pilocarpa Krapov. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Gaya rubricaulis Rusby | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Wissadula cardenasii Krapov. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Mirabilis glutinosa Kuntze | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Fuchsia garleppiana Kuntze & Wittm. | A(ii), A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Fuchsia nana P.E.Berry | A(ii), A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Oenothera brevipetala W.Dietr. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Chloraea boliviana (Rchb.f.) Kraenzl. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Fernandezia quadrangularis Ormerod | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Peperomia pseudorufescens C.DC. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Anatherostipa coroi F.Rojas | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Chascolytrum altimontanum Essi, Souza-Chies & Longhi-Wagner | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Festuca boliviana E.B.Alexeev | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Festuca cochabambana E.B.Alexeev | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Festuca copei Renvoize | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Polylepis besseri Hieron. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Frequent |
| Polylepis lanata (Kuntze) M.Kessler & Schmidt-Leb. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
| Polylepis subtusalbida (Bitter) M.Kessler & Schmidt-Leb. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Frequent |
| Richardia cruciata Rusby | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
Scarce |
| Solanum okadae Hawkes & Hjert. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
Unknown |
Stenostephanus cochabambensis Wassh.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Chlidanthus boliviensis Traub & I.S.Nelson
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Pyrolirion boliviense (Baker) Sealy
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Pyrolirion cutleri (Cárdenas) Ravenna
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Apocynaceae Oxypetalum pearsonii (Rusby) Goyder & Fontella
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Philibertia navarroana H.A.Keller, Liede & Balderrama
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Chersodoma filifolia M.Zárate
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Cosmos peucedanifolius var. cochabambensis Sherff
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gochnatia boliviana S.F.Blake
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Occasional
Gynoxys tablaensis Cabrera
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Ophryosporus kuntzei Hieron.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Ophryosporus venosissimus B.L.Rob.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Stevia kuntzei Hieron.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Stevia neglecta Rusby
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Stevia obovata Rusby
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Stevia tunariensis Hieron.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Begonia comata Kuntze
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Occasional
Puya cardenasii L.B.Sm.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Puya cochabambensis R.Vásquez & Ibisch
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Leucostele tunariensis (Cárdenas) Schlumpb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Leucostele werdermanniana (Backeb.) Schlumpb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Evolvulus boliviensis Ooststr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Carex ownbeyi G.A.Wheeler
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Dioscorea calderillensis R.Knuth
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Dioscorea kuntzei Uline ex Kuntze
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gentianella bangii (Gilg) Fabris ex T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gentianella bockii (Gilg) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gentianella longisepala M.Zárate
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gentianella lythroides (Gilg) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gentianella palcana (Gilg) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gentianella pringlei M.Zárate
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gentianella sancti-mathaeii (R.C.Foster) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Gentianella undulatisepala J.S.Pringle
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Halenia robusta Gilg
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Mastigostyla tunariensis (R.C.Foster) Ravenna
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Isoetes herzogii U.Weber
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Salvia amplifrons Briq.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Occasional
Caiophora chuquisacana Urb. & Gilg
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gaya pilocarpa Krapov.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Gaya rubricaulis Rusby
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Wissadula cardenasii Krapov.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Mirabilis glutinosa Kuntze
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Fuchsia garleppiana Kuntze & Wittm.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii), A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Fuchsia nana P.E.Berry
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii), A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Oenothera brevipetala W.Dietr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Chloraea boliviana (Rchb.f.) Kraenzl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Fernandezia quadrangularis Ormerod
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Peperomia pseudorufescens C.DC.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Anatherostipa coroi F.Rojas
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Chascolytrum altimontanum Essi, Souza-Chies & Longhi-Wagner
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Festuca boliviana E.B.Alexeev
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Festuca cochabambana E.B.Alexeev
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Festuca copei Renvoize
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Polylepis besseri Hieron.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Frequent
Polylepis lanata (Kuntze) M.Kessler & Schmidt-Leb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
Polylepis subtusalbida (Bitter) M.Kessler & Schmidt-Leb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Frequent
Richardia cruciata Rusby
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scarce
Solanum okadae Hawkes & Hjert.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Unknown
General site habitats
| General site habitat | Percent coverage | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Grassland | 54 | Major |
| Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest | 36 | Major |
| Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Shrubland | 5 | Unknown |
| Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest | 1 | Unknown |
| Other | 3 | Unknown |
Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Grassland
Percent coverage:
54
Importance:
Major
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
Percent coverage:
36
Importance:
Major
Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Shrubland
Percent coverage:
5
Importance:
Unknown
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest
Percent coverage:
1
Importance:
Unknown
Other
Percent coverage:
3
Importance:
Unknown
Land use types
| Land use type | Percent coverage | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Nature conservation | 70 | Major |
| Agriculture (pastoral) | |
Unknown |
| Tourism / Recreation | |
Major |
| Utility & service lines | |
Minor |
Nature conservation
Percent coverage:
70
Importance:
Major
Agriculture (pastoral)
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Unknown
Tourism / Recreation
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Major
Utility & service lines
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Minor
Threats
| Threat | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|
| Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas | High | Ongoing - stable |
| Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming | High | Ongoing - trend unknown |
| Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Medium | Ongoing - trend unknown |
Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas
Severity:
High
Timing:
Ongoing - stable
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming
Severity:
High
Timing:
Ongoing - trend unknown
Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming
Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Ongoing - trend unknown
Protected areas
| Protected area name | Protected area type | Relationship with IPA | Areal overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| PN Tunari | National Park | protected/conservation area matches IPA | 3281 |
PN Tunari
Protected area type:
National Park
Relationship with IPA:
protected/conservation area matches IPA
Areal overlap:
3281
Conservation designation
| Designation name | Protected area | Relationship with IPA | Areal overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| KBA Tunari | Key Biodiversity Area | protected/conservation area matches IPA | 3281 |
KBA Tunari
Protected area:
Key Biodiversity Area
Relationship with IPA:
protected/conservation area matches IPA
Areal overlap:
3281
Bibliography
Clasificación de la Vegetación de Bolivia
Biodiversidad y Naturaleza: La Riqueza desconocida de la ciudad de Cochabamba
Colección 2.0 de la Serie Anual de Mapas de Cobertura y Uso del Suelo de Bolivia
Mapa de Sistemas Ecológicos de Bolivia
El Parque Nacional Tunari y la región metropolitana Kanata de Cochabamba sus amenazas y oportunidades
Revista Hábitat, Vol 21, page(s) 21-33
Plan de Manejo Parque Nacional Tunari 2016-2025
Recommended citation
Liliana Arroyo-Herbas, Oriana A. Lino-Villalba, Maira T. Martinez-Ugarteche, Bente B. Klitgaard (2026) Tropical Important Plant Areas Explorer: Parque Nacional Tunari (Bolivia). https://tipas.kew.org/site/parque-nacional-tunari/ (Accessed on 12/08/2026)