Country: Cameroon
Administrative region: Southwest (Region)
Central co-ordinates: 4.21400 N, 9.17610 E
Area: 581.78km²
A(i)Site contains one or more globally threatened species
Around 80 globally threatened species are thought to have populations at the site sufficient to qualify MCNP as an IPA under criterion A(i). The site would very likely also qualify under criterion C when fully assessed because of the uniqueness of the high altitude zones and probably other habitats too. Species richness within habitats, and of restricted range species, might also qualify the site under criterion B(i) or B(ii) when appropriate lists are completed. It might also represent a top site for social, economic and culturally useful species (criterion Biii).
At 4040 m, Mount Cameroon, known locally as Fako, is the highest mountain in West or Central Africa and also the only active volcano. It is the high point of the Cameroon Volcanic Line which extends between offshore islands Annobon, Sao Tome, Principe and Bioko and then inland roughly parallel to the Cameroon-Nigeria border. The National Park has been in existence since 2009. On the southwestern side the border extends as low as 130m, incorporating much of the transition from coastal lowland rainforest to subalpine summit grassland that makes the mountain unique in Africa. The border meets the Onge proposed reserve (Mokoko-Onge proposed IPA site) in the west and incorporates much of the former Bomboko forest reserve in the northwest. On the eastern side, the border is much higher up the mountain's flanks, up to 2500 m in the northeast and further south above Likombe. Although incorporating the important upland forests of Mount Etinde (1700 m) south of the main summit, the border runs at c.500 m on the south side above Batoke, excluding the lower slopes.
Mount Cameroon is noted as the only site in Africa featuring an intact transition of natural vegetation from lowland forest at the coastal edge to subalpine summit grassland at 4000 m altitute (Cheek et al., 1996; Forboseh et al., 2011). It has been a target for European botanists since 1861 when Gustav Mann collected hundreds of specimens there for RBG, Kew's director Sir William Hooker (Cable & Cheek, 1998). The far greater altitude compared to any other site in West or Central Africa gives the site many locally or regionally rare taxa in the montane grassland zone from c. 1900 m to the summit (Cable & Cheek, 1998). Several taxa known only from historical collections by Mann are probably from this zone and could possibly have become extinct since as fire has increasingly been used on the upper slopes. Some species are historically recorded with uncertain locations and may or may not be extant within MCNP, including Peperomia dusenii, Liparis kamerunensis, Triclisia macrophylla and Ardisia oligantha.
Montane and submontane forest are found beneath this zone, and feature many species found also on other peaks of the Cameroon Volcanic Line and sometimes more distant montane sites. These include trees such as Prunus africana, Morella arborea, Ixora foliosa and Schefflera spp. Perhaps because of the unique climate or particular geology, some taxa at this altitude are also rare or locally endemic, such as Impatiens etindensis (EN).
The rare surviving evergreen forest on the lower slopes is perhaps the richest and most threatened habitat. It extends down to below 200 m in the southwest where it adjoins the Mokoko-Onge forest, and on the southern slopes the border meets the coastal plantation zone at 150-700 m. The forest around Mt Etinde is rich and relatively well preserved (BirldLife International, 2020).
As an active volcano, Mt Cameroon is a constantly evolving habitat with recent lava flows gradually maturing into fertile soils. Together with the effects of altitude and climate this makes it a particularly interesting theatre for ecological succession and evolution.
Mt Cameroon has areas with some of the highest rainfall in the world but the climate varies considerably over relatively small distances. At Cape Debundscha just outside the site boundary to the southwest the long term annual average from 1965-1993 was 9086 mm, slightly less than the >10 m cited by Courade (1974) presumably from a shorter period; the maximum annual total was nearly 17 m (Fraser et al., 1998). Elsewhere at Mokoko and Mbonge (15-20 km northwest of the boundary) and at Buea-Molyko (below the boundary on the eastern flanks at c.600 m), the yearly mean drops to 2-3 m. Precipitation follows a seasonal pattern peaking in July and August when southwesterly winds bring moisture from the Atlantic but is much reduced between November and March as the inter-tropical convergence zone moves south and the Harmattan is the prevailing wind bringing dry dusty air from the north with less than 50 mm of rain per month away from the coast (Fraser et al., 1998).
Mean monthly maximum and minimum temperatures vary very little seasonally but minimums are a few degrees lower at Mokundange (17.1-18.9 °C) than at Debuschanda (21.6-23.3 °C) and maxima a little higher (27.9-31.7 °C versus 27.2-30 °C).
Mt Cameroon is an active volcano with soils of varying age and maturity from different eruptions up to the present. It is formed of alkali basalt and basanite lavas overlying Cretacious to Miocene (or more recent) sediments which in turn rest on precambrian metamorphic basement rocks (Dereulle et al, 1987; Mathieu et al., 2011). The mountain is considered to be a horst structure by Dereulle et al., 1987): ie. its height is constituted by uplift from below rather than just by accumulation of lava. Surface lavas have all been dated to 1-2 mya (Marzoli et al., 2000; Mathieu et al., 2011; Wembenyui et al. 2020) although upper Mioecene age was previously estimated by Vincent 1971 (Dereulle et al., 1987) and 10 Ma by Fitton (1983). The unusual nephelinitc larva (Etindite) of Mt Etinde has been dated to 0.65 Ma and is now considered approximately simultaneous with Mt Cameroon (Nkoumbou et al, 1995; Ntoumbe et al., 2016) having previously been estimated to represent an earlier, Miocene, volcanic formation than the main massif (Dereulle et al., 1987; Cable and Cheek 1998).
Seven eruptions were recorded in the 20th century from various Mt Cameroon vents, with major lava flows within the national park area associated with the 1909, 1922, 1954, 1982, 1999 and 2000 eruptions, and a further brief eruption in 2012. The 1922 eruption reached the sea at Bibundi-Ideanau and the 1999 eruption descended 2500 m down the southern flank to stop just before the sea to the west of Bakingili (Geiger et al., 2016). Landslides and block falls are also common (Thierry et al., 2008). Many cinder cones are also present on the southern flanks. The soils of Mt Cameroon are mostly highly fertile and targeted by farmers (Hawkins & Brunt, 1965). The southern coastal strip has been particularly targeted for agri-plantations.
Several different vegetation types have been distinguished within the national park area (Letouzey 1968, 1981; Thomas & Cheek, 1992; Maley & Brenac 1998; Cable & Cheek, 1998). As well as those discussed above and their subdivisions, a large area of Marantacea open canopy forest is notable on the western side between approximately 500-2000 m (Cable & Cheek, 1999). The combined 1982-1999 lava flow which reaches the coast near Bakingili has been studied as a potential exclusion barrier, restricting elephants to the western side where they also frequent several crater lakes (Maicher et al., 2010). Lower tree diversity and a sparser, lower canopy but more large trees were found in the elephant zone.
Although better preserved than much of the surrounding forest, the National Park is not without threats, particularly fire and small-scale timber and wood extraction by the growing populations of surrounding settlrments, as well as farming within the MCNP (Awono et al., 2014). Birdlife International (2021) report that montane grassland is burnt annually in the dry season and is consequently impoverished. Clearance of forest outside the boundaries is also isolating the site and increasingly exposing the perimeter to edge effects. On the southern, southwestern and eastern boundaries, many threatened taxa are recorded from very close to the boundary or just outside and these populations are therefore highly threatened or may already be lost, particularly where agri-plantations have been established. The lack of protection even at high altitude on the eastern flanks above Buea is also of urgent concern since many important species are collected from here: this area is proposed as an additional (Eastern Mt Cameroon) IPA but would be best managed in close association with the National Park.
The National Park is unfortunately cut off from the coast, interrupting the unique altitudinal transition. A hard-surfaced coastal road runs between Ideanau and LImbe. The latter town is now connected to Mokundange and Batoke by continuous urban sprawl which has engulfed former plantation areas. A major new "Limbe Deep Sea Port" is planned at Ngeme, east of Mokundange, which is anticipated to bring 20,000 jobs and stimulate development in the area (Ngah, 2016). There is also an oil refinery at Mokundange and oil prospecting in the area. According to Birdlife International (2021), the best surviving forest of the whole mountain is around Mt Etinde, although its lower slopes are outside the National Park. Continued development around Batoke and the deep sea port will inevitably further threaten these slopes unless serious conservation efforts are made. The port is also anticipated to increase tourism to the area which, if managed well, could be positive for conservation (Olsen et al., 2001). The DFID and German Government funded Mount Cameroon Project, established in 1994, funded development projects in the area in collaboration with MINEF under a Participatory Biodiversity Conservation Strategy but international funding has diminished since 2008.
As in many parts of Cameroon areas, high levels of internal migration (up to 90% in the north part of the park Awono et al., 2014) and community conflicts complicate conservation action and undermine traditional stewardship of natural resources and biodiversity by indigenous groups.
Lava flows and landslides have the potential to eliminate small populations of some taxa at any time.
MCNP is an important site for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) including several threatened species such as Prunus africana, Cola suboppositifolia and Oxyanthus montana (Njo & Wanie, 2018).
The remaining forest cover likely gives some protection against the high risk of landslides (Thierry et al., 2008) as well as the threat of flash flooding in this very high rainfall area. Despite the high rainfall there is limited permanently available water on the mountain due to the volcanic soils. The forest contributes to buffering rainfall, increasing its availability, while the cloud forest layer intercepts atmospheric moisture and is likely to increase availability in the dry season.
The site is an IBA, KBA and AZE site, important for a rich fauna including 210 bird species of which two are strictly endemic, (Zosterops melanocephalus,VU, and Pternistis camerunensis, EN), two endemic shrews (Crocidura eisentrauti, VU, and Sylvisorex morio, EN) and two endemic rodents (Otomys burtoni, EN, and Lophuromys roseveari). It is one of very few sites in western Cameroon with remaining forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis, CR, estimated at 130 individuals; MINFOF, 2014) and is also important for Allochrocebus preussi (EN). The lowland forests of Mt Cameroon were formerly a key part of the range for Drills (Mandrillus leucophaeus, EN) but these have likely been all but eliminated at the site (Gadsby et al., 2020).
The mountain is an obvious tourist attraction and close to the historic town of Limbe.
Bruce Murphy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Species | Qualifying sub-criterion | ≥ 1% of global population | ≥ 5% of national population | 1 of 5 best sites nationally | Entire global population | Socio-economically important | Abundance at site |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chassalia laikomensis Cheek | A(i), A(iii) | ||||||
Ardisia schlechteri Gilg | A(i) | ||||||
Liparis kamerunensis Schltr. | A(i) | ||||||
Peperomia dusenii C.DC. | A(i) | ||||||
Impatiens grandisepala Grey-Wilson | A(i) | ||||||
Psychotria bimbiensis Bridson & Cheek | A(i) | ||||||
Cola metallica Cheek | A(i) | ||||||
Chlorophytum petrophilum K.Krause | A(i) | ||||||
Ardisia etindensis Taton | A(i) | ||||||
Disperis kamerunensis Schltr. | A(i) | ||||||
Aframomum | A(i) | ||||||
Lecaniodiscus punctatus J.B.Hall | A(i) | ||||||
Andropogon pusillus Hook.f. | A(i) | ||||||
Manniella cypripedioides Salazar, T.Franke, Zapfack & Beenken | A(i) | ||||||
Polystachya cooperi Summerh. | A(i) | ||||||
Peperomia kamerunana C.D.C | A(i) | ||||||
Pavetta brachycalyx Hiern | A(i) | ||||||
Habenaria batesii la Croix | A(i) | ||||||
Impatiens etindensis Cheek & Eb.Fisch. | A(i) | ||||||
Uvariopsis korupensis Gereau & Kenfack | A(i) | ||||||
Disperis nitida Summerh. | A(i) | ||||||
Luzula mannii (Buchenau) Kirschner & Cheek | A(i) | ||||||
Anopyxis klaineana (Pierre) Engl. | A(i) | ||||||
Uvariodendron giganteum (Engl.) R.E.Fr. | A(i) | ||||||
Deinbollia maxima Gilg ex Engl. | A(i) | ||||||
Calycosiphonia macrochlamys (K.Schum.) Robbr. | A(i) | ||||||
Piptostigma macrophyllum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur | A(i) | ||||||
Helichrysum biafranum Hook.f. | A(i) | ||||||
Salacia volubilis Loes. & H.J.P.Winkl. | A(i) | ||||||
Coleus cataractum (B.J.Pollard) A.J.Paton | A(i) | ||||||
Leeuwenbergia africana Letouzey & N.Hallé | A(i) | ||||||
Leeuwenbergia letestui Letouzey & N.Hallé | A(i) | ||||||
Peperomia laeteviridis Engl. | A(i) | ||||||
Palisota preussiana K.Schum. ex C.B.Clarke | A(i) | ||||||
Mikaniopsis maitlandii C.D.Adams | A(i) | ||||||
Mikaniopsis tedliei (Oliv. & Hiern) C.D.Adams | A(i) | ||||||
Grossera major Pax | A(i) | ||||||
Tricalysia atherura N.Hallé | A(i) | ||||||
Amorphophallus preussii (Engl.) N.E.Br. | A(i) | ||||||
Xylopia africana (Benth.) Oliv. | A(i) | ||||||
Hypseochloa cameroonensis C.E.Hubb. | A(i) | ||||||
Begonia oxyanthera Warb. | A(i) | ||||||
Oncoba lophocarpa Oliv. | A(i) | ||||||
Lobelia columnaris Hook.f. | A(i) | ||||||
Acanthopale decempedalis C.B.Clarke | A(i) | ||||||
Brachystephanus longiflorus Lindau | A(i) | ||||||
Brillantaisia lancifolia Lindau | A(i) | ||||||
Isoglossa nervosa C.B.Clarke | A(i) | ||||||
Anthocleista scandens Hook.f. | A(i) | ||||||
Calochone acuminata Keay | A(i) | ||||||
Ixora foliosa Hiern | A(i) | ||||||
Psychotria camerunensis E.M.A.Petit | A(i) | ||||||
Psychotria podocarpa Petit | A(i) | ||||||
Brachystephanus giganteus Champl. | A(i) | ||||||
Allophylus bullatus Radlk. | A(i), A(iii) | ||||||
Schefflera mannii (Hook.f.) Harms | A(i) | ||||||
Oxyanthus montanus Sonké | A(i) | ||||||
Myosotis cameroonensis Cheek & R.Becker | A(i) | ||||||
Hamilcoa zenkeri (Pax) Prain | A(i) | ||||||
Bidens mannii T.G.J.Rayner | A(i) | ||||||
Pseudagrostistachys africana subsp. africana | A(i) | ||||||
Polygala tenuicaulis Hook.f. subsp. tenuicaulis | A(i) | ||||||
Cheirostylis divina (Guinea) Summerh. var. ochyrae Szlach. & Olszewski | A(i) | ||||||
Deschampsia mildbraedii Pilg. | A(i) | ||||||
Sporobolus montanus Engl. | A(i) | ||||||
Afroligusticum townsendii (Charpin & Fern.Casas) P.J.D.Winter | A(i) | ||||||
Chassalia petitiana Piesschaert | A(i) | ||||||
Morella arborea (Hutch.) Cheek | A(i) | ||||||
Panicum acrotrichum Hook.f. | A(i) | ||||||
Bulbophyllum teretifolium Schltr. | A(i) | ||||||
Impatiens frithii Cheek | A(i) | ||||||
Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau | A(i) | ||||||
Genyorchis macrantha Summerh. | A(i) | ||||||
Dracaena kupensis Mwachala, Cheek, Eb.Fisch. & Muasya | A(i) | ||||||
Habenaria obovata Summerh. | A(i) | ||||||
Sclerochiton preussii (Lindau) C.B.Clarke | A(i) | ||||||
Begonia quadrialata Warb. subsp. dusenii (Warb.) Sosef | A(i) | ||||||
Wahlenbergia ramosissima (Hemsl.) Thulin subsp. ramosissima | A(i) | ||||||
Diospyros korupensis Gosline | A(i) | ||||||
Globimetula oreophila (Oliv.) Tiegh. | A(i) | ||||||
Triclisia macrophylla Oliv. | A(i) | ||||||
Drypetes burnleyae Cheek | A(i) | ||||||
Oxyanthus doucetii Sonké & O.Lachenaud | A(i) | ||||||
Stenandrium thomense (Milne-Redh.) Vollesen | A(i) | ||||||
Mussaenda epiphytica Cheek | A(i) | ||||||
Bulbophyllum josephi (Kuntze) Summerh. var. mahonii (Rolfe) J.J.Verm. | A(i) | ||||||
Mischogyne gabonensis (Pellegr. ex Le Thomas) Gosline | A(i) | ||||||
Bulbophyllum gravidum Lindl. | A(i) | ||||||
Crudia letouzeyi Breteler & Nguema | A(i) | ||||||
Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz. var. cameroonensis S.S.Hooper | A(i) | ||||||
Beilschmiedia hutchinsoniana Robyns & R.Wilczek | A(i), A(iv) | ||||||
Pavetta hookeriana Hiern var. hookeriana | A(i) | ||||||
Beilschmiedia myrciifolia (S.Moore) Robyns & R.Wilczek | A(i) | ||||||
Dryopteris glandulosopaleata J.P.Roux | A(iv) | ||||||
Festuca camerunensis E.B.Alexeev | A(iii) | ||||||
Sabicea urbaniana Wernham | A(iv) | ||||||
Thelypteris pseudogueintziana (Bonap.) Alston | A(iv) |
Chassalia laikomensis Cheek
Ardisia schlechteri Gilg
Liparis kamerunensis Schltr.
Peperomia dusenii C.DC.
Impatiens grandisepala Grey-Wilson
Psychotria bimbiensis Bridson & Cheek
Cola metallica Cheek
Chlorophytum petrophilum K.Krause
Ardisia etindensis Taton
Disperis kamerunensis Schltr.
Aframomum
Lecaniodiscus punctatus J.B.Hall
Andropogon pusillus Hook.f.
Manniella cypripedioides Salazar, T.Franke, Zapfack & Beenken
Polystachya cooperi Summerh.
Peperomia kamerunana C.D.C
Pavetta brachycalyx Hiern
Habenaria batesii la Croix
Impatiens etindensis Cheek & Eb.Fisch.
Uvariopsis korupensis Gereau & Kenfack
Disperis nitida Summerh.
Luzula mannii (Buchenau) Kirschner & Cheek
Anopyxis klaineana (Pierre) Engl.
Uvariodendron giganteum (Engl.) R.E.Fr.
Deinbollia maxima Gilg ex Engl.
Calycosiphonia macrochlamys (K.Schum.) Robbr.
Piptostigma macrophyllum Ghogue, Sonké & Couvreur
Helichrysum biafranum Hook.f.
Salacia volubilis Loes. & H.J.P.Winkl.
Coleus cataractum (B.J.Pollard) A.J.Paton
Leeuwenbergia africana Letouzey & N.Hallé
Leeuwenbergia letestui Letouzey & N.Hallé
Peperomia laeteviridis Engl.
Palisota preussiana K.Schum. ex C.B.Clarke
Mikaniopsis maitlandii C.D.Adams
Mikaniopsis tedliei (Oliv. & Hiern) C.D.Adams
Grossera major Pax
Tricalysia atherura N.Hallé
Amorphophallus preussii (Engl.) N.E.Br.
Xylopia africana (Benth.) Oliv.
Hypseochloa cameroonensis C.E.Hubb.
Begonia oxyanthera Warb.
Oncoba lophocarpa Oliv.
Lobelia columnaris Hook.f.
Acanthopale decempedalis C.B.Clarke
Brachystephanus longiflorus Lindau
Brillantaisia lancifolia Lindau
Isoglossa nervosa C.B.Clarke
Anthocleista scandens Hook.f.
Calochone acuminata Keay
Ixora foliosa Hiern
Psychotria camerunensis E.M.A.Petit
Psychotria podocarpa Petit
Brachystephanus giganteus Champl.
Allophylus bullatus Radlk.
Schefflera mannii (Hook.f.) Harms
Oxyanthus montanus Sonké
Myosotis cameroonensis Cheek & R.Becker
Hamilcoa zenkeri (Pax) Prain
Bidens mannii T.G.J.Rayner
Pseudagrostistachys africana subsp. africana
Polygala tenuicaulis Hook.f. subsp. tenuicaulis
Cheirostylis divina (Guinea) Summerh. var. ochyrae Szlach. & Olszewski
Deschampsia mildbraedii Pilg.
Sporobolus montanus Engl.
Afroligusticum townsendii (Charpin & Fern.Casas) P.J.D.Winter
Chassalia petitiana Piesschaert
Morella arborea (Hutch.) Cheek
Panicum acrotrichum Hook.f.
Bulbophyllum teretifolium Schltr.
Impatiens frithii Cheek
Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau
Genyorchis macrantha Summerh.
Dracaena kupensis Mwachala, Cheek, Eb.Fisch. & Muasya
Habenaria obovata Summerh.
Sclerochiton preussii (Lindau) C.B.Clarke
Begonia quadrialata Warb. subsp. dusenii (Warb.) Sosef
Wahlenbergia ramosissima (Hemsl.) Thulin subsp. ramosissima
Diospyros korupensis Gosline
Globimetula oreophila (Oliv.) Tiegh.
Triclisia macrophylla Oliv.
Drypetes burnleyae Cheek
Oxyanthus doucetii Sonké & O.Lachenaud
Stenandrium thomense (Milne-Redh.) Vollesen
Mussaenda epiphytica Cheek
Bulbophyllum josephi (Kuntze) Summerh. var. mahonii (Rolfe) J.J.Verm.
Mischogyne gabonensis (Pellegr. ex Le Thomas) Gosline
Bulbophyllum gravidum Lindl.
Crudia letouzeyi Breteler & Nguema
Bulbostylis densa (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz. var. cameroonensis S.S.Hooper
Beilschmiedia hutchinsoniana Robyns & R.Wilczek
Pavetta hookeriana Hiern var. hookeriana
Beilschmiedia myrciifolia (S.Moore) Robyns & R.Wilczek
Dryopteris glandulosopaleata J.P.Roux
Festuca camerunensis E.B.Alexeev
Sabicea urbaniana Wernham
Thelypteris pseudogueintziana (Bonap.) Alston
General site habitat | Percent coverage | Importance |
---|---|---|
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest | Major | |
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest | Major | |
Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Grassland | Major |
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Grassland
Land use type | Percent coverage | Importance |
---|---|---|
Nature conservation | 100 | Major |
Nature conservation
Threat | Severity | Timing |
---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Medium | Ongoing - trend unknown |
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Medium | Ongoing - increasing |
Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas | Medium | Ongoing - increasing |
Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvesting | Medium | Ongoing - trend unknown |
Biological resource use - Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Medium | Ongoing - trend unknown |
Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity | High | Ongoing - trend unknown |
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming
Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas
Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvesting
Biological resource use - Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity
Protected area name | Protected area type | Relationship with IPA | Areal overlap |
---|---|---|---|
Mount Cameroon National Park | National Park | protected/conservation area matches IPA | 100 |
Mount Cameroon National Park
Designation name | Protected area | Relationship with IPA | Areal overlap |
---|---|---|---|
Mount Cameroon and Mokoko-Onge | Important Bird Area | protected/conservation area encompasses IPA | 54 |
Mount Cameroon and Mokoko-Onge | Key Biodiversity Area | protected/conservation area encompasses IPA | 54 |
Mount Cameroon and Mokoko-Onge | Alliance for Zero Extinction Site | protected/conservation area encompasses IPA | 54 |
Mount Cameroon and Mokoko-Onge
Mount Cameroon and Mokoko-Onge
Mount Cameroon and Mokoko-Onge
Management type | Description | Year started | Year finished |
---|---|---|---|
Site management plan in place | A management plan for the National Park succeeding that expiring in 2019 has not been seen but is likely to exist |
Site management plan in place
Étude Phytogéographique du Cameroun
Notice de la carte phytogéographique du Cameroun au 1: 500,000.
The Plants of Mount Cameroon: A Conservation Checklist.
Commentaire des cartes. Atlas régional. Ouest 1.
Climate of the Mount Cameroon Region: long and medium term rainfall, temperature and sunshine data. University of Wales, Bangor; Mount Cameroon Project and Cameroon Development Corporation. School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences Publication Number 16
The Cameroon Volcanic Line Revisited: Petrogenesis of Continental Basaltic Magmas from Lithospheric and Asthenospheric Mantle Sources
Journal of Petrology, Vol 41, page(s) 87-109
The Cameroon line, West Africa, and its bearing on the 1025 origin of oceanic and continental alkali basalt
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol 72(1), page(s) 23-38
Vegetation dynamics, palaeoenvironments and climatic changes in the forests of western Cameroon during the last 28,000 years B.P.
Review of palaeobotany and palynology, Vol 99 (2), page(s) 157- 187
A Community Wildlife Management Model from Mount Cameroon
Network Paper - Rural Development Forestry Network, Vol 25e (pub. Over) Available online
REDD+ around Mount Cameroon, southwest region of Cameroon
REDD+ on the ground: a case book of subnational initiatives across the globe Available online
Limbe deep seaport: Ngeme, not Isonge, will host site
Cameroon Tribune, 06 October 2016 Available online
Mount Cameroon: an active volcano of the Cameroon Line
Journal of African Earth Sciences, Vol 6(2), page(s) 197-214
Petrology of Mt Etinde Nephelinite Series
Journal of Petrology, Vol 36(2), page(s) 373-393
New Petrological and Geochemical Data of the Nephelinitic Lavas and Geodynamic Implications of Mount Etinde (Cameroon)
Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics, Vol 7, page(s) 1452-1470
Tree Population Dynamics of Three Altitudinal Vegetation Communities on Mount Cameroon (1989-2004)
Journal of Mountain Science, Vol 8, page(s) 495–504.
Field evidence for flank instability, basal spreading and volcano-tectonic interactions at Mt Cameroon, West Africa
Bulletin of Volcanology, Vol 73(7), page(s) 851–867
Spatial distribution and species abundance area of Non Timber Forest Products in the Mount Cameroon National Park and adjoining forest zones
International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research (IJFAF), Vol 2(4), page(s) 113-122
The management plan of the Mount Cameroon National Park and its peripheral zone. Action plan (2014)
Effects of disturbances by forest elephants on diversity of trees and insects in tropical rainforests on Mount Cameroon
Scientific Reports, Vol 10:21618
Mandrillus leucophaeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12753A17952490
Important Bird Areas factsheet: Mount Cameroon and Mokoko-Onge
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