Country: Cameroon
Administrative region: South (Region)
Central co-ordinates: 2.43600 N, 10.26590 E
Area: 2640.6km²
Qualifying IPA Criteria
A(i)Site contains one or more globally threatened species
IPA assessment rationale
Important populations of over 120 globally threatened species occur at Campo Ma'an. Therefore the site easily qualifies as an IPA under criterion A(i). In addition, the site would likely qualify under criterion B(i) or C(iii) due to the diversity and importance of the lowland rainforest habitats it contains: in particular, the large, intact area of lowland evergreen rainforest rich in Caesalpinoideae, and the unique variant (Tchouto’s type 2) with Calpocalyx heitzii and Sacoglottis gabonensis found in the Isle of Dipikar region. Furthermore, the large numbers of reported timber trees and non-timber forest products mean that the site is very likely to qualify under criterion B(iii) as one of the 15 richest sites nationally for socially, economically, or culturally useful species.
Site description
Campo Ma'an National park, established in January 2000 by Presidential decree no 2000/004 (UNESCO, 2018), is one of Cameroon's largest protected areas, encompassing 264,000 ha of evergreen and mixed semi-deciduous tropical forest in the Ntem Valley and Ocean subdivisions of Cameroon's South region. Extending eastwards inland from the coast at Campo between the rivers Bongala and Ntem, the park then curves north and east again, forming a dog's leg shape 15-30 km wide and 115 km long. The northern border lies a few km from the Kribi-Akom II-Ebolowa N17 road. To the south the park is partly adjacent to the international border and Equatorial Guinea's Reserva Natural de Rio Campo, while further east lies the RAMSAR wetland site Partie Camerounaise du Fleuve Ntem in the swampy area where the Mvila and Ntem rivers combine to form a network of channels, the Boucles du Ntem (Idriss, 2012). From mangroves and coastal evergreen forest near the coast, the forest follows a ridge of low mountains up to 1100 m in height, and transitions to drier forest with a greater semi-deciduous element in the eastern parts. Created partly in mitigation of the Kribi-Chad pipeline project, the forest is part of a much larger Operation Technical Unit (UTO), with several large FMUs and plantations forming a peripheral zone incorporated in the management plan (WWF, 2018; UNESCO, 2018).
Botanical significance
Research by Tchouto (2004) has revealed a high number of globally threatened species occurring in the Campo Ma'an area. Many of these occur within the national park boundaries, occupying several different habitats including submontane forest, swamp forest, lowland evergreen tropical forest, waterfalls and rapids. A number of highly threatened species in the Podostemaceae are known from the rapids of the Bongala and Ntem rivers forming the boundary, although other species known only from the Memve’ele Fallls are outside the park.
Several threatened species are listed by Tchouto (2004) for which specimen data from the national park has not been located (for example, Acridocarpus camerunensis). Where no other evidence exists that these occur within the national park area the taxa have not been included here. However, when a location inside the boundary (such as Dipikar island) is indicated in table 5.6 (Tchouto, 2004) then the taxon has been provisionally included even if no specimen has been found. A number of species are also included from collections just outside the border, particularly in the areas of Zingui and Akom II, as these are strongly suspected to also occur within the park. Amphimas tessmannii (EN) is included based on the type specimen collected near Campo although apparently just over the border in Rio Muni.
The site is important as a major area of largely intact tropical lowland forest as well as a representative of other important vegetation types, including mangroves, swamp forest and submontane forest, which contribute to the overall botanical diversity of c. 1,500 species, a number approximately equal to that of the Dja Faunal Reserve which occupies double the area (UNESCO, 2018). Tchouto (2004) records a greater total of 2,227 taxa from the wider Campo Ma'an TOU area. Research has suggested the Campo Ma'an area was likely to have been a refugial zone for plant species during the Pleistocene period of drier climate conditions, resulting in a high level of endemicity (Tchouto et al., 2009). For example, 10 species of Begonia, a potential refugial bioindicator genus (Sosef 1994, 1996), are recorded within the National Park, while 114 national endemics and 29 local endemics are recorded from the wider TOU (Tchouto, 2004). Many of these endemics are now recorded more widely, particularly because of greater collecting in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, and proximity to the national border may in fact reduce the number of national endemics compared to other sites in Cameroon. However, several species occur towards the northern limit of their geographical range and are therefore nationally rare or unknown elsewhere in Cameroon, even if they are more widely known to the south. Six species are here considered to be narrowly endemic to the park itself (Inversodicraea kamerunica and Tapura tchoutii, Triceratorhynchus sonkeanus, Cola nana, Cola subglaucescens & Ardisia letouzeyi) but several more are likely limited to the larger TOU area.
Tchouto (2004) refers to unpublished research indicating 112 timber species and 249 non-timber forest product (NTFP) species are found within the TOU. While many timber species are on the global red list, many of these assessments are out of date and based on IUCN criterion A, suggesting they do not qualify under IPA criterion A(i). However, Campo Ma'an may qualify as one of the overall best sites for useful species.
Habitat and geology
The site lies predominantly on Precambrian metamorphic basement rocks which produce low nutrient, acidic soils of approximately pH 4 (Tchouto, 2004). Cretaceous sedimentary rocks are also found near the coast in the Campo basin, and migmatites and granites in the hillier terrain inland. Soils are mainly ferrasols and acrisols, strongly weathered, deep and clayey but sandier in the coastal and riverine areas. Altitude ranges from sea level at the coast to around 1,100 m in the hills further east.
The climate has two wet and two dry seasons, with rainfall of 2,800 mm at Campo (2,950 at Kribi) reducing inland to 1,670 mm in the Nyabessan/Ma'an area, probably due partly to a rain shadow effect (Tchouto, 2004). This climate gradient results in an increase in semi-deciduous vegetation further east, although extensive swamp areas are also found. Many rivers flow through the site (Ntem, Lobe, Bongala, Biwome, Ndjo'o, Mvila and Nye'ete), often with rocky beds that support rare rheophytic plants (Cheek et al., 2017; Kuetegue et al., 2019). Even at the coast the four-season climate distinguishes this area of Cameroon from the higher rainfall Cross-Sanaga area to the north where total annual precipitation also tends to be higher (White, 1983).
In the broad classification of White (1983) Campo Ma'an lies within the the Lower Guinea part of the Guineo-Congolian region of endemism and within vegetation type 1a, wetter types of lowland rainforest. Olson et al.'s (2001) scheme places it within a large band of Atlantic Coastal Equatorial Forest which extends south from the Sanaga river and is distinguished from the wetter Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests region. The northern border of South region roughly follows the Nyong river which may have acted as a biogeographical barrier in the past and has also likely contributed, together with the larger and closely parallel Sanaga river, to a somewhat different forest type in this region (Cheek et al., 2001; Oates et al., 2004).
Letouzey (1985) made finer discriminations in vegetation type, categorising the site area as mainly Atlantic Biafran forest rich in Caesalpinoideae (type 228) but with several subtypes characterised by abundance of a few indicator species, particularly Sacoglottis gabonensis and Calpocalyx heitzii. Tchouto's (2004) multivariate analysis of plot data distinguishes 10 vegetation types in the TOU area, with type 1 (lowland evergreen forest rich in Caesalpinaceae) dominating most of the park area (65% according to UNESCO, 2018). This is a continuous canopy, three-tier rainforest with emergents and buttresses, found on moderate hills and slopes, and dominated by c.70 species of trees in the (former) Caesalpinoideae subfamily, several of which are gregarious. Much smaller areas of other types are also present. Type 2 (a variant of type 1 with abundant S. gabonensis and C. heitzii) is found in the Dipikar area, and closer to Campo there is an Atlantic variant with more coastal elements. In the eastern part of the park, type 7 is found, which mixes more semi-deciduous elements but is still dominated by evergreen species and retains a largely closed canopy. In the northwest part of the park, near Zingui, there is a tiny area of type 3 which features coastal elements including Sacoglottis gabonensis, and which has been largely cleared for palm oil planation outside the park but extends to Mont Elephant, Massif des Mamelles and Lobe. Submontane forest (type 9) is found on hilltops above 800m and contributes a large proportion of species. Around rivers some mangroves (type 11) are found nearer the coast and, in other parts, there is swamp forest (type 10), although much of the latter is outside the park area in the RAMSAR wetland around Ma'an. Near Ebianemeyong Tchouto (2004) also distinguishes an additional zone of the more subjectively defined Okoume forest (type 12), an open forest dominated by the important timber species Aucoumea klaineana which has spread from plantations such as Kienke and may not be native to the National Park area or to Cameroon (pers. comm. Xander van der Burgt and Jean Michel Onana, 2021).
Conservation issues
Campo Ma'an National Park benefits from both its protected status and its positioning in an area of Cameroon that has historically been hard to access and little disturbed. However, despite having the highest level of formal protection, there remain serious threats to the site's biodiversity, and recent development in the region has increased access to the forest, reducing the isolation which has preserved it up to now. National Park status was awarded partly to balance the negative biodiversity impact of the Kribi-Chad pipeline project (WWF, 2018). Tchouto (2004) indicated that it remained a "paper park" only and that forests in the area faced a number of threats including large- and small-scale agriculture, logging and hunting. Sunderland et al. (1997) suggest the forest was largely undisturbed until the 1960s but since that time logging concessions have changed its character in the Campo area of the park and in the other concessions surrounding the park boundary. The interior region remains more intact (UNESCO, 2018), with populations of elephants, gorillas and chimps considered stable when last evaluated (Nzoo Dongmo et al., 2015). However, WWF (2018) have more recently expressed concern that the park needs saving from a variety of developments which together are likely to increase population and activity in the area. These include the pipeline project, the Memve'ele hydroelectric dam, the Kribi deep seaport complex, rubber and oil palm projects (particularly in former well-managed FMU areas (Nforngwa, 2019)) and a proposed railway link from Mbalam to Kribi. Previously, the population outside of the major population centres of Ebolowa, Kribi and Campo has been very low (Sunderland et al., 1997) but major population growth is predicted in the region from these developments. Net migration was reported at 14% in 2010, exceeding annual population growth (Ajonina et al., 2010). Logging trails already allow bushmeat hunters to penetrate deep into the forest and threaten to open the park up to small-scale agriculture which could be hard to prevent (WWF, 2018). Bushmeat consumption has been calculated at 1,206 t/day, or 200g per person/day within the TOU (Ajonina et al., 2010).
Loss of the buffer zone of selectively logged FMUs to palm oil plantation is probably the major threat as this isolates the park genetically and brings in migrant labour, with associated pressure for food from hunting and agriculture, while increasing access to the park itself. Expansion of agriculture from Akom II and other settlements along the road north of the park is also likely to progress into the park unless prevented. Because of the many important species known from just north of the park border, it is highly recommended that the c.5 km band between the border and the Kribi-Ebolowa road, from Zingui to Akom II is treated with high conservation concern as a buffer region, and that these species are actively searched for within the park boundaries.
The unique character of the forest in the Campo region, which harbours vegetation and species unknown to other parts of the National Park (Sunderland et al., 1997; Tchouto, 2004), is particularly threatened by proximity to coastal development. The Memvele dam project, as well as bringing the same problems of access and disturbance, also seems likely to render extinct several populations of rheophytic plants at rapids on the Ntem river, most of which are globally restricted to this river (Cheek et al., 2017; Kuetegue et al., 2019).
From a positive perspective, the presence of healthy populations of gorillas and other large mammals, as well as waterfalls, beaches and other natural scenery, boosts the chance of conservation action and ecotourism (Walter et al., 2021). The second management plan emphasised ecotourism and other sustainable income generation to improve local livelihoods. As well as the natural riches, Forje et al. (2021) considers the local population's openness to tourist development as an asset. However, these researchers also found that the local population did not consider ecotourism to be improving their livelihoods. Development of ecotourism is considered to be held back by poor roads and other infrastructural challenges (Forje et al., 2020) but these obstacles also mitigate threats to the park. Conversely, development associated with the Kribi port and other projects boosts the potential for tourist access but also brings threats.
As discussed further below, the park is a also a key component of Cameroon’s Red++ carbon strategy (CARN, 2020).
Ecosystem services
The site provides important habitat for a very diverse fauna with 80 large-medium mammal species including 20 species of primate) 200 birds (plus another hundred from the buffer zone), 122 reptile species, and 80 amphibians (Birdlife International, 2021). At least 23 resident mammals are globally threatened including elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis), Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), leopard (Panthera pardus) and Giant Pangolin (Manis gigantea).
As a large area of intact rainforest in the tropical zone Campo Ma'an is a major carbon sink. It forms a crucial part of Cameroon's proposed Emission Reduction Program, developed as a first step towards Cameroon's REDD+ strategy (CARN, 2020). The Emission Reduction Program is focussed on southern Cameroon, covering an area estimated to constitute 1.725 Gt carbon from total above and below ground biomass, amounting to 37% of the national total. Based on the percentage area, the Campo Ma'an national park share would be 49 Mt.
Numerous plants found within the national park have been recorded as having uses to local peoples. Sunderland et al. (1997) report 43 economic species amounting to 30% of the total species within the Campo forest part of the national park, while Tchouto (2004) refers to unpublished research indicating 250 taxa within the TOU area.
The park contributes a large watershed, and the intact forest is important to maintaining water quality of the several major rivers flowing towards the populated coastal area, as well as buffering the effect of seasonal rains and mitigating damage from flooding (Anjonina et al., 2010). The Mangrove forest areas near Campo are also important in this respect, with global sea levels rising.
Site assessor(s)
Assessed by:
Bruce Murphy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Jean Michel Onana, University of Yaounde I, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology; IRAD-Herbier National Camerounais
IPA criterion A species
| Species | Qualifying sub-criterion | ≥ 1% of global population | ≥ 5% of national population | 1 of 5 best sites nationally | Entire global population | Socio-economically important | Abundance at site |
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| Afrofittonia silvestris Lindau | A(i) |  |
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| Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. | A(i) | |
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| Albertisia capituliflora (Diels) Forman | A(i) | |
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| Allexis zygomorpha Achound. & Onana | A(i) | |
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| Albertisia glabra (Diels ex Troupin) Forman | A(i) | |
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| Ancistrorhynchus crystalensis P.J.Cribb & Laan | A(i) | |
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| Angraecum angustum (Rolfe) Summerh. | A(i), A(iii) | |
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| Antrocaryon micraster A.Chev. & Guillaumin | A(i) | |
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| Aulacocalyx camerooniana Sonké & S.E.Dawson | A(i) | |
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| Aulacocalyx mapiana Sonké & Bridson | A(i), A(iii) | |
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| Begonia mbangaensis Sosef | A(i) | |
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| Begonia zenkeriana L.B.Sm. & Wassh. | A(i) | |
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| Beilschmiedia cinnamomea (Stapf) Robyns & R.Wilczek | A(i) | |
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| Beilschmiedia klainei Robyns & R.Wilczek | A(i) | |
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| Bertiera heterophylla Nguembou & Sonké | A(i), A(iii) | |
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| Bertiera rosseeliana Sonké, Esono & Nguembou | A(i) | |
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| Boutiquea platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Le Thomas | A(i) | |
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| Bulbophyllum platybulbon (Schltr.) Govaerts & J.M.H.Shaw | A(i) | |
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| Calpocalyx heitzii Harms | A(i) | |
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| Calvoa stenophylla Jacq.-Fél. | A(i) | |
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| Calycosiphonia macrochlamys (K.Schum.) Robbr. | A(i) | |
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| Cassipourea alternifolia Breteler | A(i) | |
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| Coffea mapiana Nguembou & A.P.Davis | A(i) | |
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| Cola hypochrysea K.Schum. | A(i), A(iii) | |
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| Crotonogyne impedita Prain | A(i) | |
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| Crotonogyne zenkeri Pax | A(i) | |
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| Culcasia bosii Ntépé Nyamè | A(i) | |
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| Dacryodes buettneri (Engl.) H.J.Lam | A(i) | |
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| Deinbollia macroura Gilg ex Radlk. | A(i) | |
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| Deinbollia maxima Gilg ex Engl. | A(i) | |
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| Deinbollia mezilii D.W.Thomas & D.J.Harris | A(i) | |
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| Deinbollia pycnophylla Gilg ex Engl. | A(i) | |
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| Dictyophleba setosa B.de Hoogh | A(i) | |
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| Dracaena viridiflora Engl. & K.Krause | A(i) | |
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| Drypetes preussii (Pax) Hutch. | A(i) | |
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| Drypetes staudtii (Pax) Hutch. | A(i) | |
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| Drypetes tessmanniana (Pax) Pax & K.Hoffm. | A(i) | |
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| Garcinia staudtii Engl. | A(i) | |
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| Gilbertiodendron klainei (Pierre ex Pellegr.) J.Léonard | A(i) | |
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| Gluema ivorensis Aubrév. & Pellegr. | A(i) | |
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| Habenaria batesii la Croix | A(i) | |
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| Impatiens gongolana N.Hallé | A(i) | |
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| Inversodicraea kamerunensis (Engl.) Engl. | A(i) | |
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| Inversodicraea ntemensis (Y.Kita, Koi, Rutish. & M.Kato) J.J.Schenk, Herschlag & D.W.Thomas | A(i) | |
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| Inversodicraea tchoutoi Cheek | A(i) | |
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| Ixora synactica De Block | A(i) | |
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| Ledermaniella bifurcata (Engl.) C.Cusset | A(i) | |
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| Ledermanniella linearifolia Engl. | A(i) | |
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| Liparis gracilentis Dandy | A(i) | |
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| Malouetia barbata J.Ploeg | A(i) | |
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| Mapania raynaliana D.A.Simpson | A(i) | |
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| Ormocarpum klainei Tisser. | A(i) | |
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| Pauridiantha divaricata (K.Schum.) Bremek. | A(i) | |
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| Pavetta kribiensis S.D.Manning | A(i) | |
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| Pavetta mpomii S.D.Manning | A(i) | |
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| Petchia africana Leeuwenb. | A(i) | |
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| Prioria joveri (Normand ex Aubrév.) Breteler | A(i) | |
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| Sabicea medusula K.Schum. ex Wernham | A(i) | |
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| Psychotria camerunensis E.M.A.Petit | A(i) | |
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| Psychotria densinervia (K.Krause) Verdc. | A(i), A(iii) | |
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| Psychotria lanceifolia K.Schum. | A(i) | |
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| Sabicea apocynacea (K.Schum.) Razafim. | A(i) | |
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| Staurogyne bicolor (Mildbr.) Champl. | A(i) | |
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| Stenandrium thomense (Milne-Redh.) Vollesen | A(i) | |
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| Strychnos gnetifolia Gilg ex Onochie & Hepper | A(i) | |
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| Strychnos staudtii Gilg | A(i) | |
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| Testulea gabonensis Pellegr. | A(i) | |
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| Trichoscypha hallei Breteler | A(i) | |
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| Trichoscypha mannii Hook.f. | A(i) | |
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| Psychotria torrenticola O.Lachenaud & Séné | A(i) | |
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| Bulbophyllum alinae Szlach. | A(i), A(iii) | |
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| Bulbophyllum coriscence Szlach. | A(i) | |
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| Sarcophrynium villosum (Benth.) K.Schum. | A(i) | |
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| Vepris lecomteana (Pierre) Cheek & T.Heller | A(i) | |
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| Entandrophragma candollei Harms | A(i) | |
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| Entandrophragma cylindricum (Sprague) Sprague | A(i) | |
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| Entandrophragma utile (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague | A(i) | |
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| Entandrophragma utile (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague | A(i) | |
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| Khaya anthotheca C.DC. | A(i) | |
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| Khaya ivorensis A.Chev. | A(i) | |
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| Lophira alata Banks ex Gaertn.f. | A(i) | |
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| Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild. & T.Durand) Merrill | A(i) | |
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| Pterygota bequaertii De Wild. | A(i) | |
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| Tieghemella africana Pierre | A(i) | |
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| Baillonella toxisperma Pierre | A(i) | |
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| Afzelia bipindensis Harms | A(i) | |
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| Afzelia pachyloba Harms | A(i) | |
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| Aucoumea klaineana Pierre | A(i) | |
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| Copaifera religiosa J.Léonard | A(i) | |
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| Chlorophytum petrophilum K.Krause | A(i) | |
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| Hoplestigma pierreanum Gilg | A(i), A(iii) | |
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| Duguetia dilabens Chatrou & Repetur | A(i) | |
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| Pavetta muiriana S.D.Manning | A(i) | |
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| Psychotria njumei Cheek | A(i) | |
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| Uvariopsis korupensis Gereau & Kenfack | A(i) | |
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| Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau | A(i) | |
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| Acridocarpus camerunensis Nied. | A(i) | |
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| Calpocalyx klainei Pierre ex Harms | A(i) | |
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| Hymenocoleus glaber Robbr. | A(i) | |
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| Hymenostegia viridiflora Mackinder & Wieringa | A(i) | |
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| Psychotria podocarpa Petit | A(i) | |
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| Tabernaemontana hallei (Boiteau) Leeuwenb. | A(i) | |
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| Uvariodendron giganteum (Engl.) R.E.Fr. | A(i) | |
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| Uvariopsis vanderystii Robyns & Ghesq. | A(i) | |
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| Xylopia mildbraedii Diels | A(i) | |
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| Tricalysia vadensis Robbr. | A(i) | |
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| Ardisia dewitiana Taton | A(i) | |
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| Aulotandra kamerunensis Loes. | A(i) | |
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| Necepsia afzelii Prain ssp. zenkeri Bouchat & J. Léonard | A(i) | |
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| Gilbertiodendron pachyanthum (Harms) J.Léonard | A(i) | |
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| Diospyros alboflavescens (Gürke) F.White | A(i), A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rhaphiostylis subsessilifolia Engl. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Beilschmiedia cuspidata (K.Krause) Robyns & R.Wilczek | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Isomacrolobium leptorrhachis (Harms) Aubrév. & Pellegr. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Amphiblemma letouzeyi Jacq.-Fél. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Tapinanthus preussii (Engl.) Tiegh. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Diaphananthe sarcorhynchoides J.B.Hall | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rinorea dewildei Achound. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Psychotria sonkeana O.Lachenaud & Séné | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kylicanthe cornuata Descourv. & Stévart & Droissart | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Liparis hallei Szlach. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Polystachya batkoi Szlach. & Olszewski | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Polystachya bipoda Stévart | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Polystachya lejolyana Stévart | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Psychotria droissartii O.Lachenaud | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sericanthe lowryana Sonké & Robbr. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Memecylon alipes R.D.Stone | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Uvariopsis zenkeri Engl. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Strychnos mimfiensis Gilg ex Leeuwenb. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cola elegans Pierre ex Breteler | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Nephrangis bertauxiana Szlach. & Olszewski | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Dischistocalyx champluvieranus Lejoly & Lisowski | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Impatiens hians Hook.f. var. bipindensis (Gilg) Grey-Wilson | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Neuropeltis laxiflora Lejoly & Lisowski | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ardisia letouzeyi Taton | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Triceratorhynchus sonkeanus (Droissart, Stévart & P.J.Cribb) Szlach., Oledrz. & Mytnik | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Amphimas tessmannii Harms | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Angraecum curvipes Schltr. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guibourtia tessmannii (Harms) J.Léonard | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Justicia gigantophylla (Lindau) H.J.Sm. & C.Moran | A(i), A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Vepris araliopsioides Onana | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Bulbophyllum sanfordii (Szlach. & Olszewski) Govaerts & J.M.H.Shaw | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Calpocalyx ngouniensis Pellegr. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Englerodendron graciliflorum (Harms) Estrella & Ojeda | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Neolemonniera batesii (Engl.) Heine | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Aphanocalyx hedinii (A.Chev.) Wieringa | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Polystachya laurentii De Wild. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ancistrorhynchus tenuicaulis Orchidaceae | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Begonia microsperma Warb. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Deinbollia saligna Keay | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Globulostylis rammelooana Sonké | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Piptostigma oyemense Pellegr. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pseudosabicea batesii (Wernham) N.Hallé | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Psychotria arborea Hiern | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Psychotria senterrei O.Lachenaud | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rinorea dewitii Achound. | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sabicea rufa Wernham | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Psychotria villicarpa O.Lachenaud subsp. villicarpa | A(i) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chytranthus micranthus Gilg ex Radlk. | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cola nana Engl. & K.Krause | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cola subglaucescens Engl. | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Culcasia linearifolia Bogner | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Dialium latifolium Harms | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Impatiens akomensis S.B.Janssens, Sonké & O.Lachenaud | A(iii) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pavetta renidens (K.Krause) Bremek. | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Scaphopetalum riparium Engl. & K.Krause | A(iv) | |
|
|
|
|
Afrofittonia silvestris Lindau
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Albertisia capituliflora (Diels) Forman
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Allexis zygomorpha Achound. & Onana
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Albertisia glabra (Diels ex Troupin) Forman
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ancistrorhynchus crystalensis P.J.Cribb & Laan
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Angraecum angustum (Rolfe) Summerh.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Antrocaryon micraster A.Chev. & Guillaumin
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Aulacocalyx camerooniana Sonké & S.E.Dawson
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Aulacocalyx mapiana Sonké & Bridson
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Begonia mbangaensis Sosef
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Begonia zenkeriana L.B.Sm. & Wassh.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Beilschmiedia cinnamomea (Stapf) Robyns & R.Wilczek
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Beilschmiedia klainei Robyns & R.Wilczek
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Bertiera heterophylla Nguembou & Sonké
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Bertiera rosseeliana Sonké, Esono & Nguembou
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Boutiquea platypetala (Engl. & Diels) Le Thomas
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Bulbophyllum platybulbon (Schltr.) Govaerts & J.M.H.Shaw
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Calpocalyx heitzii Harms
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Calvoa stenophylla Jacq.-Fél.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Calycosiphonia macrochlamys (K.Schum.) Robbr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Cassipourea alternifolia Breteler
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Coffea mapiana Nguembou & A.P.Davis
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Cola hypochrysea K.Schum.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Crotonogyne impedita Prain
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Crotonogyne zenkeri Pax
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Culcasia bosii Ntépé Nyamè
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Dacryodes buettneri (Engl.) H.J.Lam
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Deinbollia macroura Gilg ex Radlk.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Deinbollia maxima Gilg ex Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Deinbollia mezilii D.W.Thomas & D.J.Harris
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Deinbollia pycnophylla Gilg ex Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Dictyophleba setosa B.de Hoogh
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Dracaena viridiflora Engl. & K.Krause
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Drypetes preussii (Pax) Hutch.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Drypetes staudtii (Pax) Hutch.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Drypetes tessmanniana (Pax) Pax & K.Hoffm.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Garcinia staudtii Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Gilbertiodendron klainei (Pierre ex Pellegr.) J.Léonard
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Gluema ivorensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Habenaria batesii la Croix
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Impatiens gongolana N.Hallé
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Inversodicraea kamerunensis (Engl.) Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Inversodicraea ntemensis (Y.Kita, Koi, Rutish. & M.Kato) J.J.Schenk, Herschlag & D.W.Thomas
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Inversodicraea tchoutoi Cheek
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ixora synactica De Block
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ledermaniella bifurcata (Engl.) C.Cusset
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ledermanniella linearifolia Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Liparis gracilentis Dandy
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Malouetia barbata J.Ploeg
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Mapania raynaliana D.A.Simpson
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ormocarpum klainei Tisser.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Pauridiantha divaricata (K.Schum.) Bremek.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Pavetta kribiensis S.D.Manning
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Pavetta mpomii S.D.Manning
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Petchia africana Leeuwenb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Prioria joveri (Normand ex Aubrév.) Breteler
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Sabicea medusula K.Schum. ex Wernham
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria camerunensis E.M.A.Petit
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria densinervia (K.Krause) Verdc.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria lanceifolia K.Schum.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Sabicea apocynacea (K.Schum.) Razafim.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Staurogyne bicolor (Mildbr.) Champl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Stenandrium thomense (Milne-Redh.) Vollesen
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Strychnos gnetifolia Gilg ex Onochie & Hepper
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Strychnos staudtii Gilg
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Testulea gabonensis Pellegr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Trichoscypha hallei Breteler
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Trichoscypha mannii Hook.f.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria torrenticola O.Lachenaud & Séné
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Bulbophyllum alinae Szlach.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Bulbophyllum coriscence Szlach.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Sarcophrynium villosum (Benth.) K.Schum.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Vepris lecomteana (Pierre) Cheek & T.Heller
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Entandrophragma candollei Harms
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Entandrophragma cylindricum (Sprague) Sprague
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Entandrophragma utile (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Entandrophragma utile (Dawe & Sprague) Sprague
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Khaya anthotheca C.DC.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Khaya ivorensis A.Chev.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Lophira alata Banks ex Gaertn.f.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild. & T.Durand) Merrill
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Pterygota bequaertii De Wild.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Tieghemella africana Pierre
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Baillonella toxisperma Pierre
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Afzelia bipindensis Harms
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Afzelia pachyloba Harms
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Aucoumea klaineana Pierre
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Copaifera religiosa J.Léonard
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Chlorophytum petrophilum K.Krause
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Hoplestigma pierreanum Gilg
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Duguetia dilabens Chatrou & Repetur
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Pavetta muiriana S.D.Manning
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria njumei Cheek
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Uvariopsis korupensis Gereau & Kenfack
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Uvariopsis submontana Kenfack, Gosline & Gereau
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Acridocarpus camerunensis Nied.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Calpocalyx klainei Pierre ex Harms
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Hymenocoleus glaber Robbr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Hymenostegia viridiflora Mackinder & Wieringa
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria podocarpa Petit
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Tabernaemontana hallei (Boiteau) Leeuwenb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Uvariodendron giganteum (Engl.) R.E.Fr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Uvariopsis vanderystii Robyns & Ghesq.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Xylopia mildbraedii Diels
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Tricalysia vadensis Robbr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ardisia dewitiana Taton
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Aulotandra kamerunensis Loes.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Necepsia afzelii Prain ssp. zenkeri Bouchat & J. Léonard
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Gilbertiodendron pachyanthum (Harms) J.Léonard
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Diospyros alboflavescens (Gürke) F.White
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Rhaphiostylis subsessilifolia Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Beilschmiedia cuspidata (K.Krause) Robyns & R.Wilczek
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Isomacrolobium leptorrhachis (Harms) Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Amphiblemma letouzeyi Jacq.-Fél.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Tapinanthus preussii (Engl.) Tiegh.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Diaphananthe sarcorhynchoides J.B.Hall
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Rinorea dewildei Achound.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria sonkeana O.Lachenaud & Séné
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Kylicanthe cornuata Descourv. & Stévart & Droissart
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Liparis hallei Szlach.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Polystachya batkoi Szlach. & Olszewski
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Polystachya bipoda Stévart
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Polystachya lejolyana Stévart
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria droissartii O.Lachenaud
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Sericanthe lowryana Sonké & Robbr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Memecylon alipes R.D.Stone
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Uvariopsis zenkeri Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Strychnos mimfiensis Gilg ex Leeuwenb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Cola elegans Pierre ex Breteler
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Nephrangis bertauxiana Szlach. & Olszewski
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Dischistocalyx champluvieranus Lejoly & Lisowski
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Impatiens hians Hook.f. var. bipindensis (Gilg) Grey-Wilson
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Neuropeltis laxiflora Lejoly & Lisowski
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ardisia letouzeyi Taton
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Triceratorhynchus sonkeanus (Droissart, Stévart & P.J.Cribb) Szlach., Oledrz. & Mytnik
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Amphimas tessmannii Harms
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Angraecum curvipes Schltr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Guibourtia tessmannii (Harms) J.Léonard
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Justicia gigantophylla (Lindau) H.J.Sm. & C.Moran
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i), A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Vepris araliopsioides Onana
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Bulbophyllum sanfordii (Szlach. & Olszewski) Govaerts & J.M.H.Shaw
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Calpocalyx ngouniensis Pellegr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Englerodendron graciliflorum (Harms) Estrella & Ojeda
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Neolemonniera batesii (Engl.) Heine
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Aphanocalyx hedinii (A.Chev.) Wieringa
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Polystachya laurentii De Wild.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Ancistrorhynchus tenuicaulis Orchidaceae
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Begonia microsperma Warb.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Deinbollia saligna Keay
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Globulostylis rammelooana Sonké
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Piptostigma oyemense Pellegr.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Pseudosabicea batesii (Wernham) N.Hallé
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria arborea Hiern
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria senterrei O.Lachenaud
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Rinorea dewitii Achound.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Sabicea rufa Wernham
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Psychotria villicarpa O.Lachenaud subsp. villicarpa
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Chytranthus micranthus Gilg ex Radlk.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Cola nana Engl. & K.Krause
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Cola subglaucescens Engl.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Culcasia linearifolia Bogner
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Dialium latifolium Harms
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Impatiens akomensis S.B.Janssens, Sonké & O.Lachenaud
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Pavetta renidens (K.Krause) Bremek.
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
Scaphopetalum riparium Engl. & K.Krause
Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
≥ 5% of national population:
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
Entire global population:
Socio-economically important:
Abundance at site:
General site habitats
| General site habitat | Percent coverage | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest | |
|
| Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp Forest | |
|
| Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers, Streams, Creeks [includes waterfalls] | |
|
| Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest | |
|
| Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Forest Vegetation Above High Tide Level | |
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp Forest
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers, Streams, Creeks [includes waterfalls]
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Forest Vegetation Above High Tide Level
Percent coverage:
Importance:
Land use types
| Land use type | Percent coverage | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Nature conservation | 100 | Major |
Nature conservation
Percent coverage:
100
Importance:
Major
Threats
| Threat | Severity | Timing |
|---|---|---|
| Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas | Medium | Ongoing - increasing |
| Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture | Low | Ongoing - increasing |
| Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | High | Ongoing - increasing |
| Energy production & mining - Oil & gas drilling | Medium | Ongoing - stable |
| Energy production & mining - Mining & quarrying | Low | Ongoing - trend unknown |
| Transportation & service corridors - Roads & railroads | Medium | Future - planned activity |
| Biological resource use - Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Medium | Ongoing - increasing |
| Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvesting | Medium | Ongoing - trend unknown |
| Energy production & mining - Renewable energy | High | Ongoing - trend unknown |
| Natural system modifications - Dams & water management/use - Large dams | High | Ongoing - trend unknown |
Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas
Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Ongoing - increasing
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture
Severity:
Low
Timing:
Ongoing - increasing
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming
Severity:
High
Timing:
Ongoing - increasing
Energy production & mining - Oil & gas drilling
Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Ongoing - stable
Energy production & mining - Mining & quarrying
Severity:
Low
Timing:
Ongoing - trend unknown
Transportation & service corridors - Roads & railroads
Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Future - planned activity
Biological resource use - Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Ongoing - increasing
Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvesting
Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Ongoing - trend unknown
Energy production & mining - Renewable energy
Severity:
High
Timing:
Ongoing - trend unknown
Natural system modifications - Dams & water management/use - Large dams
Severity:
High
Timing:
Ongoing - trend unknown
Protected areas
| Protected area name | Protected area type | Relationship with IPA | Areal overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campo Ma'an National Park | National Park | protected/conservation area matches IPA | |
Campo Ma'an National Park
Protected area type:
National Park
Relationship with IPA:
protected/conservation area matches IPA
Areal overlap:
Conservation designation
| Designation name | Protected area | Relationship with IPA | Areal overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campo Ma'an Complex IBA | Important Bird Area | protected/conservation area encompasses IPA | |
Campo Ma'an Complex IBA
Protected area:
Important Bird Area
Relationship with IPA:
protected/conservation area encompasses IPA
Areal overlap:
Management type
| Management type | Description | Year started | Year finished |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protected Area management plan in place | The plan indicated a five year budget of CFAF 6750. Emphasis was on increasing management capacity, implementing effective monitoring of populations and resources, ecotourism and sustainable income generation, cross-border cooperation, federation of major local bodies (mining and logging concessions, agro-industry, municipalities) to mitigate impacts | 2015 | 2019 |
Protected Area management plan in place
The plan indicated a five year budget of CFAF 6750. Emphasis was on increasing management capacity, implementing effective monitoring of populations and resources, ecotourism and sustainable income generation, cross-border cooperation, federation of major local bodies (mining and logging concessions, agro-industry, municipalities) to mitigate impacts
Year started:
2015
Year finished:
2019
Bibliography
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UNESCO World Heritage site nomination: Campo Ma'an National Park
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Important Bird Areas factsheet: Campo Ma'an complex
REDD+ IN CAMEROON
Assessing the impact of ecotourism on livelihood of the local population living around the Campo Ma’an National Park, South Region of Cameroon
Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, Vol 11(1), page(s) 1-11
Determinants of ecotourism development in and around protected areas: The case of Campo Ma'an National Park in Cameroon
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Parc National de Campo Ma'an: Plan d’affaire 2015 – 2019 Et Stratégie de mise en œuvre
NGOs reject new oil palm plantation in southern Cameroon
Refuge Begonias. Taxonomy, phylogeny and historical biogeography of Begonia sect. Loasibegonia and sect. Scutobegonia in relation to glacial rain forest refuges in Africa
Wageningen Agricultural University Papers, Vol 26(1), page(s) 1-306
Begonias and African rain forest refuges: general aspects and recent progress
The Biodiversity of African Plants (pub. Springer), page(s) 602-611 Available online
Recommended citation
Bruce Murphy, Jean Michel Onana (2025) Tropical Important Plant Areas Explorer: Campo Ma'an National Park (Cameroon). https://tipas.kew.org/site/campo-maan-national-park/ (Accessed on 15/01/2025)