Valles Secos de Comarapa y Saipina

Comarapa y Saipina

BOLTIPA023
TIPAS-Bolivia-Comarapa y Saipina IPA boundary map

Country: Bolivia

Administrative region: Manuel María Caballero (Province)

Central co-ordinates: 17.93895 S, 64.56739 W

Area: 1636km²

Qualifying IPA Criteria

A(i)Site contains one or more globally threatened species, A(ii)Site contains one or more regionally threatened species, A(iii)Site contains one or more highly restricted endemic species that are potentially threatened, A(iv)Site contains one or more range restricted endemic species that are potentially threatened, B(ii)Site contains an exceptional number of species of high conservation importance, B(iii)Site contains an exceptional number of socially, economically or culturally valuable species

IPA assessment rationale

Por El sitio IPA Valles Secos de Comarapa y Saipina se caracteriza por albergar una importante diversidad de plantas nativas, muchas con gran valor socioeconómico, y especies de plantas endémicas amenazadas a nivel global. Dentro de sus límites alberga un área protegida emblemática por su alto nivel de endemismo y una zona con características únicas, donde se pueden encontrar desde bosques húmedos hasta los valles secos xéricos. El valor botánico se atribuye a las 49 especies amenazadas globalmente, de las cuales 42 son endémicas, cinco especies amenazadas a nivel nacional, 25 endémicas altamente restringidas y 13 endémicas de rango restringido y potencialmente amenazadas. Estas especies suman un total de 155 especies endémicas, representan do el 5,8% del endemismo nacional. Además de las especies amenazadas y/o restringidas, se ha registrado 407 especies de importancia socioeconómica, las cuales representan el 12,5% del total de plantas útiles documentadas para Bolivia. Dentro de este grupo de plantas útiles, 19 son parientes silvestres de plantas cultivadas.

Site description

El sitio IPA está situado al oeste del departamento de Santa Cruz, aproximadamente a 230 km desde la ciudad de Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Abarca parte de los municipios de Comarapa y Saipina. El límite de este sitio está basado principalmente en los Valles Secos Interandinos, incluyendo un área en la zona norte que limita con el Área Natural de Manejo Integrado (ANMI) Amboró, desde el Churo hasta San Juan del Potrero que tiene bosques más húmedos. El core o núcleo está basado en las zonas con menor actividad antrópica, mientras que se considera buffer a los valles, áreas de cultivos y/o viviendas. Por otro lado, la ubicación y condiciones climáticas que tiene la zona, la profundidad y extensos valles, conforman uno de los paisajes más emblemáticos, denominado por el Jardín de las Cactáceas, un área protegida municipal que alberga una alta diversidad de especies de cactus y un alto nivel de endemismo. Asimismo, es la segunda área de reserva con mayor densidad de cactus en el mundo. También, en este sitio se encuentra el Santuario de la Paraba Frente Roja (Ara rubrogenys), especie En Peligro Critico (CR) (BirdLife International 2021).

Parodia columnaris © Martin Lowry
Parodia columnaris © Martin Lowry
Vista general del valle central, Jardín de las Cactáceas © Trustees RBG Kew/Bente Klitgaard
Vista general del valle central, Jardín de las Cactáceas © Trustees RBG Kew/Bente Klitgaard
Bosque seco interandino de Mara valluna y Soto, El Tunal © Maira Martinez
Bosque seco interandino de Mara valluna y Soto, El Tunal © Maira Martinez

Botanical significance

La importancia botánica de los Valles de Comarapa y Saipina es atribuida al número de especies amenazadas, tanto a nivel global como nacional, concentración de especies endémicas y especies útiles. Entre las especies amenazadas globalmente se encuentran: Chascolytrum altimontanum, Dyckia pulquinensis y Tillandsia comarapensis, todas categorizadas como Vulnerable (VU); otras especies como Boliviadendron bolivianum, Corryocactus pulquinensis y Gaya cardenasii se encuentran En Peligro (EN). Todas estas especies son endémicas y casi restringidas a los valles secos, mientras que Oreopanax boliviensis y Polylepis neglecta, ambas En Peligro (EN), son especies arbóreas que se encuentran en la zona boscosa de transición a los Yungas, hacia el norte del sitio IPA. Así mismo, en el sitio se encuentran algunas especies endémicas altamente restringidas y potencialmente amenazadas, que aún no cuentan con una evaluación formal de UICN o se encuentran como Casi Amenazadas (NT) - especies como Bougainvillea berberidifolia, Cardenasiodendron brachypterum y Parodia columnaris. El sitio concentra un total de 407 especies plantas útiles, donde 12 son endémicas y están amenazadas globalmente, entre ellas son Capsicum caballeroi (VU) y Solanum neocardenasii (EN). De manera particular, entre las especies consideradas útiles, destacan aquellas de importancia genética por ser consideradas parientes silvestres de plantas cultivadas, algunas como Solanum chacoense (LC), conocida como papa chaqueña (Knapp & Cadima 2020), y Solanum maternum, la especie progenitora del tomatillo.

Habitat and geology

Paisajísticamente, se caracteriza por serranías, llanuras y valles estrechos que pertenecen a la Cordillera Oriental. Desde el sector noroeste del sitio, del Churo siguiendo hacia La Laguna Verde, se encuentra la zona con mayor altitud y más húmeda del sitio y se contacta con el ANMI Amboró, mientras que en la zona central hacia el sur se tienen principalmente los valles secos, con un clima semiárido que pertenecen a la cuenca del río Grande (Ibisch et al. 2003). Este patrón es similar a lo que se menciona en Mendoza y colaboradores (2019) en la descripción de la vegetación del Jardín de las Cactáceas, donde se tiene el valle central cubierto por Valles Secos Interandinos y en las cimas más altas con Bosques Tucumano-Boliviano. En cuanto a su hidrografía, forma parte de la subcuenca del río Comarapa, con el 83,71% en el municipio de Comarapa y 16,29% en el municipio de Saipina, esta subcuenca se conforma por siete ríos y desemboca en Saipina (GIZ-PROAGRO 2011). En el sitio se tiene un mosaico de cuatro ecorregiones: Bosques secos interandinos, Chaco Serrano, Yungas, y Bosque Tucumano-Boliviano (Ibisch et al. 2003). Los tipos de vegetación más representativos son bosque semiárido interandino, bosque seco interandino, bosque semideciduo yungueño, pinar-sahuintal Boliviano-Tucumano transicional a los Yungas (Navarro & Ferreira 2011, Navarro 2011). Todos estos tipos de vegetación se agrupan en Bosque seco subtropical/tropical, Bosque húmedo montano subtropical/tropical según la clasificación de UICN.

Conservation issues

El sitio IPA se encuentra en una zona donde la principal actividad socioeconómica es la agricultura y la ganadería. La agricultura, en su mayoría se desarrolla en laderas y fondos de valles, es de tipo intensivo, mientras que la ganadería es de manera extensiva, y las nuevas áreas de cultivos son más recurrentes a lo largo de laderas y fondos de valles. Sumadas a las nuevas áreas destinadas al radio urbano y nuevas urbanizaciones, son la principal amenaza para el sitio. En contraste, el sitio cuenta con el Área Protegida Municipal Jardín de las Cactáceas de Bolivia, la primera área protegida en conservar, estudiar y difundir especies de cactus y que además resguarda una alta diversidad de endemismos de los Valles Secos (GADSC 2015, Soto 2015). Por otro lado, la zona tiene un potencial turístico, el cual aún no es lo suficientemente activo, y una alternativa económica y de desarrollo sostenible. La designación como una IPA por sus atributos botánicos, presencia de especies endémicas, amenazadas globalmente y restringidas demuestra que este sitio es de suma importancia a pesar de ser los valles secos una región con menos estudios en relación con otras zonas del país.

Site assessor(s)

Assessed by:

Maira T. Martinez-Ugarteche, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno; Herbario del Oriente Boliviano (USZ), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado; Department of Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew

G. Alexander Parada, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno; Herbario del Oriente Boliviano (USZ), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado

Margoth Atahuachi, Herbario Forestal M. Cárdenas (BOLV)-Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Universidad Mayor de San Simón

José Daniel Soto, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno; Herbario del Oriente Boliviano (USZ), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado

Liliana Arroyo-Herbas, Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN)

Oriana A. Lino-Villalba, Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN)

Bente B. Klitgaard, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew

Date of first assessment: 1st Jul 2025

Date of latest reassessment: 1st Sep 2025


IPA criterion A species

Species Qualifying sub-criterion ≥ 1% of global population ≥ 5% of national population 1 of 5 best sites nationally Entire global population Socio-economically important Abundance at site
Justicia aequilabris subsp. riograndina Wassh. & J.R.I.Wood A(iv) True True False False False Unknown
Justicia chuquisacensis Wassh. & J.R.I.Wood A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Stenostephanus pyramidalis (Lindau) Wassh. A(i) True True False False False Scarce
Anacardiaceae Myracrodruon urundeuva M.Allemão A(ii) False False False False True Frequent
Funastrum rupicola Goyder A(iv) True True True False False Scarce
Orthosia woodii Meve & Liede A(i) True True False False False Unknown
Oreopanax boliviensis Seem. A(i) True False False False False Occasional
Furcraea boliviensis Ravenna A(iv) True True True False False Unknown
Bishovia boliviensis R.M.King & H.Rob. A(i) True True True False False Occasional
Gochnatia boliviana S.F.Blake A(i) True True False False True Occasional
Hyaloseris quadriflora J.Kost. A(ii) True False False False True Unknown
Mikania schultzii B.L.Rob. A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Senecio leuceria Cabrera A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Senecio viridilacus Cabrera A(iii) True True True False False Unknown
Stevia copiosa J.Kost. A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Stevia discolor B.L.Rob. A(iii) True True False False False Unknown
Stevia santacruzensis Hieron. A(iv) True True True False False Unknown
Compositae Stevia sarensis B.L. Rob. A(i) True False False False False Scarce
Verbesina rhomboidea J.Kost. A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Deuterocohnia scapigera (Rauh & L.Hrom.) M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm. A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Dyckia pulquinensis Wittm. A(i) True True True False False Occasional
Guzmania remediosensis E.Gross A(iii) True True False False False Unknown
Puya laxa L.B.Sm. A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Tillandsia comarapaensis H.Luther A(i) True True True False True Occasional
Tillandsia koehresiana Ehlers A(i) True True False False False Scarce
Tillandsia pseudocardenasii W.Weber A(i) True True False False False Scarce
Corryocactus pulquinensis Cárdenas A(i) True True True False True Occasional
Lobivia bridgesii subsp. vallegrandensis (Cárdenas) Schlumpb. A(iv) True True False False True Unknown
Neoraimondia herzogiana (Backeb.) Buxb. & Krainz A(ii) True True True False True Abundant
Weingartia neocumingii Backeb. A(iii) True True True False False Occasional
Weingartia neocumingii subsp. Pulquinensis A(iii) True True True False False Occasional
Centropogon gloriosus (Britton) Zahlbr. A(i) True True False False False Scarce
Siphocampylus tunicatus Zahlbr. A(ii), A(iv) True True False False False Unknown
Ipomoea lilloana O'Donell A(i) True False False False False Occasional
Escallonia reticulata Sleumer A(i) True False False False True Scarce
Euphorbia chenopodiifolia Boiss. A(iii) True True True False False Unknown
Euphorbia duriuscula Pax & K.Hoffm. ex Herzog A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Euphorbia mayfieldii V.W.Steinm. A(iii) True True False False False Unknown
Boliviadendron bolivianum (C.E.Hughes & Atahuachi) E.R.Souza & C.E.Hughes A(i) True True False False False Scarce
Inga approximata T.D.Penn. A(i) True True False False True Occasional
Piptadenia boliviana Benth. A(i) True True False False True Occasional
Koeberlinia holacantha W.C.Holmes, K.L.Yip & Rushing A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Lepechinia nubigena J.R.I.Wood & J.M.Mercado A(iii) True True False False False Unknown
Salvia amplifrons Briq. A(i) True True False False True Occasional
Salvia raymondii J.R.I.Wood A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Salvia raymondii subsp. raymondii A(iv) True True True False False Unknown
Salvia serranoae J.R.I.Wood A(i) True True True False False Scarce
Gaya cardenasii Krapov. A(i) True True True False False Scarce
Gaya cruziana Krapov. A(i) True False True False False Occasional
Malvastrum trifidum Krapov. A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Sida cordifolia var. serrata Baker f. A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Sida gracilipes Rusby A(i) True True True False False Frequent
Wissadula cruziana R.E.Fr. A(i) True True True False False Occasional
Miconia multiflora Cogn. ex Britton A(i) True False False False False Occasional
Miconia neei Jan.M.Burke & Michelang. A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Cedrela angustifolia DC. A(i) True False False False True Unknown
Meliaceae Cedrela fissilis Vell. A(i) True False False False True Unknown
Mollinedia steinbachiana Perkins A(i) True False False False False Occasional
Fuchsia cochabambana P.E.Berry A(ii), A(iv) True True False False False Unknown
Epidendrum nigricans Schltr. A(iv) True True False False False Scarce
Fernandezia dorriana Ormerod A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Fernandezia herzogii (Schltr.) ined. A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Kefersteinia ricii R.Vásquez & Dodson A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Lepanthes barbatula Luer & R.Vásquez A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Microchilus siberianus (Ormerod) E.C.Smidt & M.W.Chase A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Pleurothallis micklowii Luer & R.Vásquez A(iii) True True False True False Unknown
Stelis bacriosa Luer & R.Vásquez A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Stelis papuligera (Schltr.) Karremans A(iv) True True False False False Unknown
Stelis patzii Luer A(iii) True True True True False Unknown
Stelis rutrum Luer & R.Vásquez A(iv) True True True False False Unknown
Passiflora pilosicorona Sacco A(ii), A(iv) True True False False True Unknown
Chascolytrum altimontanum Essi, Souza-Chies & Longhi-Wagner A(i) True True False False False Scarce
Festuca cochabambana E.B.Alexeev A(i) True True False False True Occasional
Setaria barbinodis R.A.W.Herrm. A(i) True True True False False Frequent
Podocarpus rusbyi J.Buchholz & N.E.Gray A(i) True False False False True Occasional
Grammitis carrascoensis (M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.) Christenh. A(iv) True True False False False Unknown
Portulaca gracilis Poelln. A(iii) True True False True False Unknown
Polylepis neglecta M.Kessler A(i) True True False False True Occasional
Zanthoxylum nebuletorum (Herzog) P.G.Waterman A(i) True True True False False Occasional
Phoradendron kuntzei Urb. A(iv) True True False False False Unknown
Phoradendron steinbachii Kuijt A(iii) True True False False False Unknown
Capsicum caballeroi M.Nee A(i) True True False False True Scarce
Solanum hibernum Bohs A(i) True True False False False Occasional
Solanum monanthemon S.Knapp A(i) True True False False False Scarce
Solanum neocardenasii Hawkes & Hjert. A(i) True True False False True Scarce
Solanum woodii Särkinen & S.Knapp A(i) True False False False False Occasional
Symplocos neei B.Ståhl A(i) True True False False True Occasional
Citharexylum joergensenii (Lillo) Moldenke A(i) True True True False False Scarce
Porlieria arida Rusby A(iii) True True False True False Unknown

Justicia aequilabris subsp. riograndina Wassh. & J.R.I.Wood

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Justicia chuquisacensis Wassh. & J.R.I.Wood

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Stenostephanus pyramidalis (Lindau) Wassh.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Anacardiaceae Myracrodruon urundeuva M.Allemão

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii)
≥ 1% of global population:
False
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Frequent

Funastrum rupicola Goyder

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Orthosia woodii Meve & Liede

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Oreopanax boliviensis Seem.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Furcraea boliviensis Ravenna

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Bishovia boliviensis R.M.King & H.Rob.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Gochnatia boliviana S.F.Blake

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Hyaloseris quadriflora J.Kost.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Mikania schultzii B.L.Rob.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Senecio leuceria Cabrera

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Senecio viridilacus Cabrera

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Stevia copiosa J.Kost.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Stevia discolor B.L.Rob.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Stevia santacruzensis Hieron.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Compositae Stevia sarensis B.L. Rob.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Verbesina rhomboidea J.Kost.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Deuterocohnia scapigera (Rauh & L.Hrom.) M.A.Spencer & L.B.Sm.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Dyckia pulquinensis Wittm.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Guzmania remediosensis E.Gross

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Puya laxa L.B.Sm.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Tillandsia comarapaensis H.Luther

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Tillandsia koehresiana Ehlers

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Tillandsia pseudocardenasii W.Weber

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Corryocactus pulquinensis Cárdenas

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Lobivia bridgesii subsp. vallegrandensis (Cárdenas) Schlumpb.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Neoraimondia herzogiana (Backeb.) Buxb. & Krainz

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Abundant

Weingartia neocumingii Backeb.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Weingartia neocumingii subsp. Pulquinensis

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Centropogon gloriosus (Britton) Zahlbr.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Siphocampylus tunicatus Zahlbr.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii), A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Ipomoea lilloana O'Donell

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Escallonia reticulata Sleumer

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Euphorbia chenopodiifolia Boiss.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Euphorbia duriuscula Pax & K.Hoffm. ex Herzog

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Euphorbia mayfieldii V.W.Steinm.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Boliviadendron bolivianum (C.E.Hughes & Atahuachi) E.R.Souza & C.E.Hughes

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Inga approximata T.D.Penn.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Piptadenia boliviana Benth.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Koeberlinia holacantha W.C.Holmes, K.L.Yip & Rushing

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Lepechinia nubigena J.R.I.Wood & J.M.Mercado

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Salvia amplifrons Briq.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Salvia raymondii J.R.I.Wood

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Salvia raymondii subsp. raymondii

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Salvia serranoae J.R.I.Wood

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Gaya cardenasii Krapov.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Gaya cruziana Krapov.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Malvastrum trifidum Krapov.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Sida cordifolia var. serrata Baker f.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Sida gracilipes Rusby

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Frequent

Wissadula cruziana R.E.Fr.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Miconia multiflora Cogn. ex Britton

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Miconia neei Jan.M.Burke & Michelang.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Cedrela angustifolia DC.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Meliaceae Cedrela fissilis Vell.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Mollinedia steinbachiana Perkins

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Fuchsia cochabambana P.E.Berry

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii), A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Epidendrum nigricans Schltr.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Fernandezia dorriana Ormerod

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Fernandezia herzogii (Schltr.) ined.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Kefersteinia ricii R.Vásquez & Dodson

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Lepanthes barbatula Luer & R.Vásquez

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Microchilus siberianus (Ormerod) E.C.Smidt & M.W.Chase

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Pleurothallis micklowii Luer & R.Vásquez

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Stelis bacriosa Luer & R.Vásquez

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Stelis papuligera (Schltr.) Karremans

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Stelis patzii Luer

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Stelis rutrum Luer & R.Vásquez

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Passiflora pilosicorona Sacco

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(ii), A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Chascolytrum altimontanum Essi, Souza-Chies & Longhi-Wagner

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Festuca cochabambana E.B.Alexeev

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Setaria barbinodis R.A.W.Herrm.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Frequent

Podocarpus rusbyi J.Buchholz & N.E.Gray

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Grammitis carrascoensis (M.Kessler & A.R.Sm.) Christenh.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Portulaca gracilis Poelln.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Polylepis neglecta M.Kessler

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Zanthoxylum nebuletorum (Herzog) P.G.Waterman

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Phoradendron kuntzei Urb.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iv)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Phoradendron steinbachii Kuijt

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

Capsicum caballeroi M.Nee

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Solanum hibernum Bohs

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Solanum monanthemon S.Knapp

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Solanum neocardenasii Hawkes & Hjert.

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Solanum woodii Särkinen & S.Knapp

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
False
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Symplocos neei B.Ståhl

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
True
Abundance at site:
Occasional

Citharexylum joergensenii (Lillo) Moldenke

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(i)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
True
Entire global population:
False
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Scarce

Porlieria arida Rusby

Qualifying sub-criterion:
A(iii)
≥ 1% of global population:
True
≥ 5% of national population:
True
1 of 5 best sites nationally:
False
Entire global population:
True
Socio-economically important:
False
Abundance at site:
Unknown

General site habitats

General site habitat Percent coverage Importance
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest 83 Major
Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest 12 Major
Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Shrubland 4 Major
Other 1 Unknown

Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest

Percent coverage:
83
Importance:
Major

Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest

Percent coverage:
12
Importance:
Major

Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude Shrubland

Percent coverage:
4
Importance:
Major

Other

Percent coverage:
1
Importance:
Unknown

Land use types

Land use type Percent coverage Importance
Nature conservation 38 Major
Agriculture (arable) 5 Major
Agriculture (pastoral) No value Major
Residential / urban development No value Major

Nature conservation

Percent coverage:
38
Importance:
Major

Agriculture (arable)

Percent coverage:
5
Importance:
Major

Agriculture (pastoral)

Percent coverage:
No value
Importance:
Major

Residential / urban development

Percent coverage:
No value
Importance:
Major

Threats

Threat Severity Timing
Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas Medium Future - inferred threat
Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas Medium Ongoing - stable
Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming High Ongoing - stable
Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming High Ongoing - stable

Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas

Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Future - inferred threat

Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas

Severity:
Medium
Timing:
Ongoing - stable

Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming

Severity:
High
Timing:
Ongoing - stable

Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming

Severity:
High
Timing:
Ongoing - stable

Protected areas

Protected area name Protected area type Relationship with IPA Areal overlap
Área Protegida Municipal Churo Negro Local / Regional Nature Reserve IPA encompasses protected/conservation area 13
Área Protegida Municipal Jardín de Cactáceas de Bolivia Local / Regional Nature Reserve IPA encompasses protected/conservation area 238

Área Protegida Municipal Churo Negro

Protected area type:
Local / Regional Nature Reserve
Relationship with IPA:
IPA encompasses protected/conservation area
Areal overlap:
13

Área Protegida Municipal Jardín de Cactáceas de Bolivia

Protected area type:
Local / Regional Nature Reserve
Relationship with IPA:
IPA encompasses protected/conservation area
Areal overlap:
238

Conservation designation

Designation name Protected area Relationship with IPA Areal overlap
KBA Comarapa Key Biodiversity Area IPA encompasses protected/conservation area 65
KBA Jardín de Cactaceas - Saipina Key Biodiversity Area IPA encompasses protected/conservation area 305

KBA Comarapa

Protected area:
Key Biodiversity Area
Relationship with IPA:
IPA encompasses protected/conservation area
Areal overlap:
65

KBA Jardín de Cactaceas - Saipina

Protected area:
Key Biodiversity Area
Relationship with IPA:
IPA encompasses protected/conservation area
Areal overlap:
305

Bibliography

Navarro, G., 2011

Clasificación de la Vegetación de Bolivia

GIZ-PROAGRO, 2011

Determinación de Balances Hídricos en la subcuenca Comarapa y Kuyoj Qhocha

Gobierno Autónomo Departamental de Santa Cruz (GADSC), 2015a

Patrimonio Natural de Santa Cruz, Áreas Protegidas y Unidades de Conservación

Ibisch, P.L. & G. Mérida (eds.), 2003

Biodiversidad: La Riqueza de Bolivia. Estado de conocimiento y conservación

Navarro, G. & W. Ferreira, 2011

Mapa de Sistemas Ecológicos de Bolivia

Birdlife International, 2021

Ara rubrogenys. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Available online

Mendoza, M.J., W. Milliken & B.B Klitgaard, 2019

Vegetación del Área Protegida Jardín de Cactáceas de Bolivia

Jardín de las Cactáceas de Bolivia: Vegetación y Plantas de Pulquina. Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado (pub. Dirección de Investigación Científica e Innovación Tecnológica - DICiT, UAGRM)

Soto, D., 2015

Plantas endémicas del Área Protegida Jardín de las Cactáceas

Jardín de las Cactáceas de Bolivia: Vegetación y Plantas de Pulquina (pub. Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Dirección de Investigación Científica e Innovación Tecnológica - DICiT, UAGRM), page(s) 169-185

Knapp, S. & X. Cadima, 2020

Solanum chacoense

Download print-friendly PDF version
Download ZIP shapefile

Recommended citation

Maira T. Martinez-Ugarteche, G. Alexander Parada, Margoth Atahuachi, José Daniel Soto, Liliana Arroyo-Herbas, Oriana A. Lino-Villalba, Bente B. Klitgaard (2026) Tropical Important Plant Areas Explorer: Valles Secos de Comarapa y Saipina (Bolivia). https://tipas.kew.org/site/valles-secos-de-comarapa-y-saipina/ (Accessed on 25/08/2026)